Which concept improves portability of applications across different cloud platforms by packaging the app and its dependencies into a portable unit?

• A. Virtualization
• B. Migration
• C. Containerization
• D. Hypervisor

Answer: (C)

Containerization packages the application and all its dependencies into a single, portable container image that includes the runtime and configuration. This image can run on any host that has a container runtime (like Docker) regardless of the underlying cloud platform, so the same image behaves the same on AWS, Azure, Google Cloud, or on-premises. That consistency across environments is what enables true portability: you build once and deploy across multiple clouds with minimal changes. Containers are lightweight and isolate the application from other workloads, while sharing the host’s kernel, which makes them quicker to start and easier to scale. In contrast, virtualization involves full virtual machines with their own guest OS and is heavier and more platform-specific; migration describes moving workloads between environments without necessarily packaging them for cross-platform execution, and hypervisor is the layer that runs the virtual machines, not the packaging method.